chance verdict
A now-illegal verdict, arrived at by hazard or lot. — Also termed gambling verdict; verdict by lot. [Cases: Criminal Law 798(2), 866; Federal Civil Procedure 1974.1. C.J.S. Criminal Law §§ 1372, 1381.]
A now-illegal verdict, arrived at by hazard or lot. — Also termed gambling verdict; verdict by lot. [Cases: Criminal Law 798(2), 866; Federal Civil Procedure 1974.1. C.J.S. Criminal Law §§ 1372, 1381.]
petty assise (英格兰古法)小咨审团;不动产权益占有之诉;地产占有诉讼令 陪审团的真正渊源一般被认为是威廉一世从大陆引进的法兰克人式的调查方法〔Frankish Inquest〕,在末日审判〔Domesday〕大清查时运用了这一方法。亨利二世将其引进到王室政府的所有行政部门中。关于地产权益诉讼的最早形式是权利诉讼,它在领主法庭举行,实行神明裁判或决斗。为了加强中央集权,扩大王室法庭的管辖权,亨利二世时为当事人提供了保护「占有」而非「所有」的更为便捷的救济方式,共四种,即新侵占之诉、收回继承地之诉、地产性质之诉和圣职推荐之诉,称为不动产权益占有之诉。之所以将它们归为一类,是因为相应法令规定此类诉讼程序使用同一类咨审团进行审理,即国王文秘署〔Chancery〕签发给争议土地所在郡郡长一项令状,令其召集当地12名守法男子组成咨审团,回答令状中所包含的问题,这类问题一般涉及争议中的土地是否被侵占。咨审团的答覆构成咨审团裁决〔verdict〕,这一裁决呈递给巡回至该郡的巡回法官〔Justices of Assize〕。——注意到前面提及的那一系列法令的名称同时也是启动诉讼的令状名称及该诉讼程序的名称——咨审团成员是依自己的智识而不是靠询问证人来形成判断,这一点与现代陪审制度不同。 (=petite assize; possessory assizes) (→assize of novel disseisin; assize of mort d’ancestor; assize of darrein presentment; assize of utrum; assize; grand assize)
drawing lots. An act of selection or decision-making based on pure chance, with the result depending on the particular lot drawn. • Jurors are usu. instructed by the court not to base their verdict on drawing lots or similar methods of chance.
The juror who chairs the jury during deliberations and speaks for the jury in court by announcing the verdict. • The presiding juror is usu. elected by the jury at the start of deliberations. — Also termed foreman; foreperson; (in Scots law) jury chancellor. [Cases: Jury 147. C.J.S. Juries § 495.]
juror (joor-[schwa]r alsojoor-or). A person serving on a jury panel. — Also formerly termed layperson; juryman; jurator. grand juror. A person serving on a grand jury. petit juror (pet-ee). A trial juror, as opposed to a grand juror. presiding juror. The juror who chairs the jury during deliberations and speaks for the jury in court